An atom with a positive charge will have fewer electrons than protons. If the atom has a negative charge, then you will have more electrons than protons. Third- to find the number of electrons- if the atom has a neutral charge, then you must have an equal number of protons and electrons. Second- to find the number of protons- the atomic number is the number of protons in an element. The mass number is usually written right after the name of the element. To find the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an isotope: First- find the atomic number of the element and mass number (sum of protons and neutrons) of the isotope. Different isotopes with different number of neutrons have the same chemical properties. Thus, different isotopes of a given element will have different mass number. Atoms with differing number of neutrons will affect the mass number (protons and neutrons). Each isotope has a different atomic mass.isotopes have same number of protons, but have extra mass due to additional neutrons so higher mass. The atomic mass found on the periodic table is the average of the mass number of the naturally occurring isotopeterm-97s. Ionic bond is opposite: one looses electrons or another donates, so each one has a different charge and the charge holds them together ex: NaCl is not considered a molecule ,it is by ionic bond not covalent bond.so NaCl is a coumpound, but not a molecule!!!ĭifferent forms of the same atom exist in nature. For example, CO (carbon monoxide) is made up of only carbon and oxygen. Binary compounds are composed of two elements only. Compounds are difficult to split and can only be taken apart into their elements through chemical reactions or electrolysis. A compound has different physical and chemical property from the element it is made out of. Able to conduct electricity.Ī compound is a substance made of two or more elements. They have strong bonds, and thus have high melting point in order to break the bonds. (If a metal is attracted to a nonmetal, they are called Ionics and are held together through ionic bonding. For examples, water is composed of hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. Held together by covalent bonds and share valence electrons. Molecules- a single particle composed of nonmetal atoms. When two or more atoms are held together by a covalent bond, they form a molecule. Mass Number (A)- this is the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.Ītomic Number (Z)- this is the number of protons, in a nucleus.Ītomic Number (N)- Number of neutrons calculated by subtracting the atomic number from the mass number.Ītomic Weight- total number of particles in an atom's nucleus. atoms bond with other atoms to gain electrons
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Most are solids or gases at room temperature are pure substances consisting of only one type of atom ex: carbon,hydrogen,ect.Elements are divided into metals, metalloids, and nonmetals.Ītoms tend to gain or lose electrons to achieve full valence shell ,and then become ionsĪn ion is an atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons and therefore has a negative or positive charge.Ī cation loose electron, positive charge.Īn anion gains electron,becomes - chargedĪtoms prefer to have full shell of electrons. Two atoms with different number of protons are considered different elementsĮlements is a substance that cannot be broken down through chemical reactions. classified by their number of protons (atomic number). Smallest part of a substance that exists and retains the properties of a substance. Atoms with full valence shell are highly stableĪtoms- these are the smallest particle that represents an element. The positions of electrons cannot be exactly determined at any one time. If the very last shell, called outer shell, is full or has 8 electrons (octet), then the atom is stable.Each shell consists of orbital, or probability clouds. The further away the shell is from the nucleus, the higher the energy of its electrons. Neutral atoms, there are the same number of protons as electron which balanced the electrical chargeĮlectron Shells- this is the region of space around the nucleus. Neutron no charge, in nucleus, mass of 1. Relative mass : -1.Įlectron - found moving outside of nucleus not as massive as other,Moves around the nucleus in electron shells. ,mass of 1 positive charge, the number of protons identifies the element and equals the number of electrons, so atoms are electrically neutral. Proton is positive charge, found in nucleus. This electron cloud (an informal term) constitutes most of the volume of the atom. Surrounding the nucleus are the electrons. The nucleus is tiny and has very high density. Atom is smallest unit of an element made of there parts.
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